There's a good chance that the characterization of Thompson's group F (not to mention its name) was set forth in the paper reviewed below (the authors of which became aware of R.J.Thompson's priority via this review). Freyd, Peter; Heller, Alex Splitting homotopy idempotents. II. J. Pure Appl. Algebra 89 (1993), no. 1-2, 93--106. A preliminary version of this paper was in the reviewer's hands in 1979 and was then of uncertain age. The authors have done a service in publishing it (in somewhat revised form) belatedly. The object of study is a free homotopy idempotent $f \colon X \to X$; this means that $f$ is freely (base point not necessarily preserved during the homotopy) homotopic to $f^2 \equiv f \circ f$. This $f$ is said to split if there are maps $d \colon X \to Y$ and $u \colon Y \to X$ such that $d \circ u \simeq \text{id}_Y$ and $u \circ d \simeq f$, where $\simeq$ denotes free homotopy. They construct a group $F$ and an endomorphism $\phi \colon F \to F$ such that, for a certain $\alpha_0 \in F$, $\phi^2(7) = \alpha^{-1}_0\phi(7)\alpha_0$. The induced map $g \colon K(F,1) \to K(F,1)$ is a homotopy idempotent which does not split; and it is universal in the sense that it maps "canonically" into any homotopy idempotent, and the corresponding homomorphism $F \to \pi_1(X)$ is monic if and only if $f$ does not split. This group $F$ is shown to be finitely presentable, has simple commutator subgroup, is a totally ordered group and contains a copy of its own infinite wreath-product. Every abelian subgroup is free abelian, and every subgroup is either finite-rank free abelian or contains an infinite-rank free abelian subgroup. \{Reviewer's remarks: (1) While the authors acknowledge that some of the above is due independently to J. Dydak \ref[Bull. Acad. Polon. Sci. Ser. Sci. Math. Astronom. Phys. 25 (1977), no. 1, 55--62; MR0442918 (56 \#1293)], they fail to mention that priority for this group is generally given to R. J. Thompson \ref[R. J. Thompson and R. McKenzie, in Word problems (Irvine, CA, 1969), 457--478, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1973; MR0396769 (53 \#629)], who introduced $F$ and seemed to know many of its properties in the late 1960s. Closely related to $F$ are Thompson's finitely presented infinite simple groups. (2) Subsequently, as acknowledged by the authors, much more became known about this extraordinary group. To help the reader know what we are discussing, we mention that $F$ is often known as "the Richard Thompson group"; also as the "Freyd-Heller group", the "Dydak-Minc group" and (incorrectly, but because of later work on $F$) as the "Brown-Geoghegan group". (3) The origin of the curious name "$F$" was explained to the reviewer by one of the authors as standing for "free", as in "free homotopy idempotent".\} Reviewed by Ross Geoghegan