Applying the conversion from x/y to 1 - x + y to the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle in the form xy > k where k is a positive constant (x, y uncertainties in position and momentum respectively, for example, where notice x and y are nonnegative in the standard deviation version of uncertainty) yields xy = (x/y)y^^2 (where ^^ is exponentiation) --> (1 - x + y)y^^2. For 1 - x + y < 0, which says x > 1 + y, the latter expression is negative, so the converted form reads: (1 - x + y)y^^2 = -/1 - x + y/y^^2 > k and therefore /1 - x + y/y^^2 < -k for k positive. Since y^^2 is always nonnegative, this conditional holds trivially (always) provided that x > 1 + y. Since x and y could be selected with exchanged physical roles (uncertainties in momentum and position respectively, for example), the condition that x > 1 + y is rather arbitrary and certainly will be fulfilled for one of the two orders in which x and y are defined. : Osher Doctorow Doctorow Consultants Culver City, California USA Even more strikingly, consider the identity 0/1 = 0 of classical mathematics. Applying the conversion we find 0/1 --> 1 - 0 + 1 = 2 and deduce 2 = 0, thus giving an unbelievably simple explanation of the Pauli exclusion principle for fermions. Steve Vickers.