The mysterious proclamation of Diocletian, Artem geometriae discere atque exercere publice interest, ars autem mathematica damnabilis interdicta est omnino. (To learn and -- especially -- to practice the art of geometry is in the public interest but the damnable mathematical art is proscribed altogether.) was found as a citation for the once common use of the word "mathematicus" to mean "wizard". Another citation is from England (from Shirley's 1642 comedy "The Sisters"): Giovanni: Master Steward, yonder are the rarest fellows! In such fantastical habits too; they call themselves mathematicians. Steward: What do they come for? Giovanni: To offer their service to my Lady and tell fortunes. ... Antonio: Her house is open for these mountebanks, Cheaters, and tumblers, that can foist and flatter My lady Gewgaw... What are you, sir? Strozzo: One of the mathematicians, noble Signior. Antonio: Mathematicians! mongrel, How durst thou take that learned name upon thee? You are one of those knaves that stroll the country, And live by picking worms out of fools' fingers. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++